7 jobs in Boliden

Temporary Chef at Gruvstugan Boliden

Temporary full-time position 100% Start date September 1 Who are we looking for? We are now seeking a passionate chef who wants to work in a team where service spirit and teamwork are at the center. With curiosity and enthusiasm, you create delicious and well-prepared dishes with a focus on sustainability. The position includes daily work with self-inspection, having good knowledge of allergens and being able to account for all ingredients, ordering and receiving goods, as well as waste management. You will also assist in menu planning and inventory management. About Restaurant Gruvstugan Boliden: Gruvstugan is a lunch restaurant open Monday-Friday. The restaurant is located 1km outside Boliden. We serve 3 different daily lunch options, catering, Market 24/7 & events. Who are you? You are over 18 years old You have education within hotel and restaurant with a chef specialization or equivalent You have previous experience working in restaurants You have the ability to plan and structure work effectively You take responsibility through your passion for maintaining a high level of service and quality in what you deliver You see your importance in satisfied guests, are positive, stress-resilient, and have an easy time collaborating and communicating You can take own initiative and are flexible in your professional role You speak and write Swedish Experience with menu planning systems is a plus About Compass Group We are part of Compass Group, a world-leading supplier of food, beverages, and support services. Worldwide, we have over 500,000 colleagues. In Sweden, we have approximately 450 operations throughout the country, which means there are fantastic development opportunities with us. We offer benefits through collective agreements including annual salary increases, insurance, and occupational pensions. Compass Group Sweden has revenues of approximately 3 billion SEK and operates under brands such as Food & Co, Marketplace, Medirest, Amica, Chartwells, Levy Restaurants, UNISON, Eurest, and more. Compass Group Sweden is part of the Compass Group PLC group. The group's global revenues amount to 250 billion SEK (2022). Our customers are companies, arenas, universities, schools, healthcare and elderly care, among others. We provide services such as food and beverages, conferences, receptions, facility management, maintenance services, and more. If you want to read more about Compass Group, please visit our website. Why should you choose us? We recruit fairly! We believe that diversity, different experiences, and competencies create the best team. We love service and we want to deliver world-class service by always going the extra mile. We believe in sustainability! Both when it comes to our planet and our colleagues. We deliver quality in everything we do! Recruitment at Compass Group Recruitment is ongoing, so we warmly welcome your application today! We only accept applications through the website; applications received in other ways will not be processed. For more information on how Compass Group AB handles your personal data, click here.

Production Manager

Boliden is a high-tech metals company with its own mines and smelters that works long-term to guarantee society's access to base and precious metals. For a century, our work has been part of the value chains that shaped modern society. At Boliden, we know that the metals we extract and make accessible will play a crucial role in the future as well - what matters is how we produce them. Join us and drive change for coming generations. Production Manager at the Concentration Plant in Boliden Do you want a role where you influence both people and results in an operation that is central to Boliden's future? As Production Manager at the Concentration Plant, you will have a key role where you develop people, strengthen the organization, and contribute to stable and sustainable production over time. Your Role As Production Manager, you are responsible for leading and developing the production organization so that operations achieve their goals in production, quality, and work environment. You lead through shift supervisors and technicians and have a clear focus on creating a stable, well-functioning organization. The role involves a combination of strategic work and operational follow-up, where you work with objectives, structure, and improvement initiatives while supporting the organization in daily operations. You have personnel and budget responsibility as well as responsibility for staffing and skills supply. The role is located in Boliden and working hours are day shift. Your Team You lead just over 50 employees through 6 shift supervisors and 3 technicians. The role is part of the Concentration Plant's management team and you report to the Concentration Plant Manager. Work is conducted through shift supervisors who operate in both shift and day-time operations, with production at the Concentration Plant running 24/7. Close collaboration occurs with other functions within the Boliden area. Your Responsibilities Lead, support, and develop employees Ensure that production follows plan, objectives, and quality requirements Work with improvement initiatives and organizational development Responsible for staffing, skills supply, and succession Handle personnel matters and work environment initiatives Work with objective management, budgets, and follow-up Your Contribution You are a leader who is motivated by developing people and organizations. You build trust through present, clear, and communicative leadership and have a humble approach to collaboration with others to achieve results. The ability to create structure, prioritize, and maintain direction even when the pace is high and questions are many is critical in this role. You see the value in building an organization that can take responsibility and grow over time, and you have a working style that encourages collaboration, learning, and engagement. We are looking for you who have: High school diploma, preferably complemented with higher education or university degree in a relevant field Experience of leadership with personnel responsibility Good communicative ability in English and Swedish Class B driver's license Meritorious: experience from process industry or similar operations Why Work With Us At Boliden, we believe in promoting a workplace where care, courage, and responsibility are central to everything we do. We offer a workplace where we believe in collaboration and where what you contribute will have a direct impact on coming generations. We are a company consisting of responsible and creative people who all work towards the same vision; to become the world's most sustainable and respected metals supplier. Apply today to become part of something truly meaningful! At Boliden, diversity and inclusion are drivers of innovation. We know that different perspectives and experiences strengthen us and help us stay at the forefront of an important and exciting industry. Therefore, we encourage applications from people with different backgrounds and perspectives. Together we build a workplace where everyone can feel safe and inspired to reach their full potential. Want to know more about the role? Contact recruiting manager Markus Hedlund, Concentration Plant Manager, [email protected]. Questions about your application are answered by our Talent Acquisition Partner, Charlotte Lindkvist [email protected]. Union information is available from Mats Lindblom, SACO, 073-350 04 19, Andreas Mårtensson, Unionen, 070-541 83 93, or Peter Markström, Ledarna, 0910-77 40 09. Application deadline: Sunday, September 6, 2026. We look forward to your application! As part of Boliden's qualitative recruitment work and systematic safety efforts, background checks may be included in the recruitment process. If the position you have applied for involves handling explosives, you will, in accordance with the Act on Flammable and Explosive Goods (2010:1011), undergo a background check for approval by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) during the recruitment process. If you are a representative of a recruitment company, please refrain from contacting us regarding this advertisement. We appreciate your consideration.

Fire Safety Coordinator

Boliden is a high-tech metals company with its own mines and smelters working long-term to ensure society's access to base and precious metals. For a century, our work has been part of the value chains that have shaped modern society. At Boliden, we know that the metals we extract and make available will play a crucial role in the future as well - what matters is how we produce them. Join us and drive change for future generations. Fire Safety Coordinator at the Concentration Plant, Boliden Area Do you want to work close to operations and help develop structured and future-proof fire safety work? We are looking for a Fire Safety Coordinator who will coordinate and follow up our fire safety and emergency management work at the Concentration Plant and in Maurliden, which are part of the Boliden area. Here you will have the opportunity to combine practical work in operations with structure, coordination, and development – in a role where you really make a difference. Your Role As a Fire Safety Coordinator, you are responsible for coordinating and further developing fire safety work in our operations. You work both strategically and operationally to create structure, follow up on activities, and support the organization. An important part of the assignment is to coordinate work between different functions and ensure that we together maintain a high level of fire safety and preparedness. The role involves a combination of office work and presence in operations, for example during inspections and exercises. Working hours are daytime, Monday to Friday, and the role primarily requires on-site presence. Your Team You belong to a small team based at the Concentration Plant and work closely with several functions within the operation. The role involves many contact points, both internally and externally, for example with emergency services and other partners. Your Responsibilities Coordinate and develop fire safety work in the operation Follow up on measures, activities, and decisions related to fire safety Be responsible for structure and updating of fire safety documentation Plan and follow up emergency drills Provide support and guidance on fire and safety matters Collaborate with internal functions and external parties Contribute to creating a clear and functioning structure in working methods and follow-up Your Contribution You are a person who thrives in a coordinating role where you get to work structurally, build relationships, and drive matters forward together with others. You are curious, responsible, and enjoy creating order and clarity in complex contexts. We are looking for someone who has: Postsecondary education, for example fire engineer or other education in fire, safety, or equivalent experience Experience in fire safety work or a related area Good ability to communicate orally and in writing in Swedish and good knowledge of English Good computer skills Class B driver's license It is advantageous if you have: Experience from industry or similar operations Experience in projects, coordination, or development work We are pleased if you are at the beginning of your career or want to develop further in this field – at Boliden there is an opportunity to grow into the role. Why Work with Us At Boliden, we believe in promoting a workplace where care, courage, and responsibility are central to everything we do. We offer a workplace where we believe in collaboration and where what you contribute will have a direct impact on future generations. We are a company consisting of responsible and creative people who all work toward the same vision: to become the most sustainable and respected metals supplier in the world. Apply today to become part of something truly meaningful! At Boliden, diversity and inclusion are drivers of innovation. We know that different perspectives and experiences strengthen us and help us stay at the forefront of an important and exciting industry. Therefore, we encourage applications from people with different backgrounds and perspectives. Together we build a workplace where everyone can feel safe and inspired to reach their full potential. Want to know more about the role? Contact recruiting manager Lisa Andersson, [email protected], 070-813 24 53. Questions about your application will be answered by our Talent Acquisition Partner Charlotte Lindkvist, [email protected]. Union information can be obtained from: Mats Lindblom (SACO) 073-350 04 19, Andreas Mårtensson (Unionen) 070-541 83 93, and Peter Markström (Ledarna) 0910-77 40 09. Deadline for applications: Monday, August 31, 2026. We look forward to your application! As part of Boliden's qualitative recruitment work and systematic safety efforts, background checks may be included in the recruitment process. If you are a representative of a recruitment company, please refrain from contacting us regarding this advertisement. We appreciate your consideration.

District Doctor, Boliden Health Center, Boliden

Region Västerbotten works to ensure that good health and sustainable development strengthen each other. We take responsibility for equitable welfare and for ensuring that research and innovation deliver results. Within the health and medical care administration, primary care, dental care, and hospital care are combined in a common administration and organized in county and local care areas. The Skellefteå local care area includes the Emergency Department, Medical and Geriatric Clinic, Rehabilitation Center, Psychiatric Clinic, 1177, Center for Operating Activities, and primary care in Skellefteå and Norsjö. Together, these should provide good and accessible care. Skellefteå Primary Care's western base unit consists of health centers in Boliden, Erikslid, Heimdall, and Norsjö. Here we work together to develop primary care. Boliden Health Center, with approximately 3,000 registered patients, is located close to Skellefteå center, only 25 minutes away. The locality is growing due to its naturally beautiful setting and proximity to Skellefteå. Despite the town's small size, important community services such as a grocery store, school, library, health center, and swimming facility are available. The health center's mission also includes a family center and a branch office in Jörn. At the workplace, you quickly become "one of the gang" as we are a small and family-oriented health center. We employ doctors, district nurses, nurses, nursing assistants, medical secretaries, a physiotherapist, an occupational therapist, a psychologist, and a rehabilitation coordinator. Work environment, patient safety, teamwork, and innovation are our guiding principles, and community and collaboration are priorities for us. In Boliden, we think creatively and are happy to test new working methods to create good care and a good work environment. Boliden Health Center now needs to strengthen its team with a district doctor. 1 position(s). DUTIES As a district doctor with us, you contribute with knowledge and commitment that make people feel secure. General medicine is characterized by encounters with patients throughout their lives. The specialty involves meeting people of all ages with all kinds of health-related problems and independently assessing and treating these. In specialist general medicine work, you should also follow an individual's various health problems over time and consider the person's entire life situation in your assessment. You work to a high degree independently, but teamwork with other professionals is a natural part of the work. On-call service in primary care emergency services is included in the position. QUALIFICATIONS We are looking for someone who is a licensed doctor with specialist competence in general medicine. You are thorough, take great responsibility for your work and your workplace, and are confident in your profession. You can work both independently and in a team and have good social competence. We believe you are a curious and creative person who enjoys trying new working methods. Primary care in Skellefteå is on a development journey toward future primary care, and we would like to include your reflections, experiences, and perspectives. Critical thinking and a positive attitude therefore go hand in hand. Swedish level C is a requirement. Employment form: Permanent employment. Duration: Indefinite, start date: By agreement. Working hours: Daytime. Read more about our benefits for working with us on the website https://www.regionvasterbotten.se/nar-du-jobbar-hos-oss/formaner We strive for an even gender distribution and see diversity as a strength, and therefore welcome applicants with different backgrounds. In relation to our recruitment work, we have taken a position on recruitment channels and marketing. We therefore strongly decline contact from media sales representatives, recruitment websites, and similar. If you have a protected identity and wish to apply, please contact the recruiting manager and then submit your application documents by mail.

Section Manager Electrification and Automation, Mobile Equipment

Boliden is a high-tech metals company with its own mines and smelters that works long-term to guarantee society's access to base and precious metals. For a century, our work has been part of the value chains that shaped modern society. At Boliden, we know that the metals we extract and make available will play a crucial role in the future as well—what matters is how we produce them. Join us and drive change for future generations. Do you want to lead the transition to the next generation of mining operations? As Section Manager for Electrification and Automation, you will have a central role in enabling smarter, safer, and more sustainable working methods within Boliden's operations. You contribute to strategic decisions and create conditions for new technology to deliver concrete value in our mines. With us, you get the opportunity to combine leadership, innovation, and business value in a role with significant impact. Your Role As Section Manager for Electrification and Automation, you lead a specialist function that supports Boliden's mines in the transition toward safer, more productive, and sustainable working methods. You are responsible for operations, staff, and development within the section and contribute to the strategic decisions that shape the future of mining technology. The role involves close collaboration with operations, internal specialist functions, and external partners, where you create conditions for new solutions to deliver long-term value for Boliden. An important part of the assignment is to take responsibility for the technical direction within electrification and automation and translate Boliden's strategic ambitions into concrete plans and initiatives. You represent the area internally, contribute expertise in strategic decisions, and generate engagement around the opportunities that new technology offers. By building understanding, anchoring decisions, and bringing different parts of the organization together around a common direction, you play a key role in Boliden's continued transition toward a more automated, electrified, and sustainable mining operation. The role involves close collaboration with Boliden's operations and stakeholders at multiple locations. Therefore, regular travel is a natural part of the assignment. Your Team You lead a team with specialist expertise in electric and autonomous vehicles, related infrastructure, project management, and change management. The team works closely with mining organizations, vehicle and technology suppliers, procurement, research and innovation programs, and external partners. We value knowledge exchange, shared responsibility, and an inclusive approach where different perspectives are seen as a strength. You become part of an environment where colleagues support each other and where experience, new thinking, and learning go hand in hand. Your Responsibilities Lead and develop the section's staff and operations Prioritize, plan, and monitor the section's goals and deliverables Support the mines on matters related to electrification, automation, and energy management Drive investments, technology initiatives, and improvement work together with operations Build and develop collaborations with internal stakeholders, suppliers, and external partners Contribute to Boliden's long-term development within new technology and sustainable mining operations Your Contribution To thrive and succeed in this role, we believe you are a person who creates engagement through clarity and trust. You have the ability to navigate complex situations and transform them into clear goals and structures. You build strong relationships, listen to different perspectives, and create good conditions for collaboration. As a leader, you are confident in making decisions while involving others and promoting participation. You are motivated by developing people, strengthening teams, and creating long-term value for the business. We are looking for someone who has: An academic degree in engineering or another relevant field Experience leading employees, teams, or larger technology-related projects Experience from mining/industrial operations and/or work in the automotive industry or automation-related fields Experience driving change or development work Good knowledge of Swedish and English, both spoken and written Driver's license category B It is a merit if you have: Experience in mining industry or other process industry Knowledge of electrification of mobile equipment or industrial automation solutions Experience with large investment, change, or innovation projects Experience with energy optimization or energy management Experience collaborating with suppliers and external technology partners We encourage you to apply even if you don't meet all the requirements. We value diverse experiences, perspectives, and backgrounds, and we welcome candidates with potential and a willingness to develop together with us. Why Work With Us At Boliden, we believe in fostering a workplace where care, courage, and responsibility are central to everything we do. We offer a workplace where we believe in collaboration and where what you contribute will have a direct impact on future generations. We are a company made up of responsible and creative people who all work toward the same vision: to become the most sustainable and respected metals supplier in the world. Apply today to become part of something truly meaningful! At Boliden, diversity and inclusion are drivers of innovation. We know that different perspectives and experiences strengthen us and help us stay at the forefront of an important and exciting industry. Therefore, we encourage applications from people with different backgrounds and viewpoints. Together, we build a workplace where everyone can feel safe and inspired to reach their full potential. Do you want to know more about the role? Contact the hiring manager Rikard Mäki, [email protected], 0702998253. Questions about the application are answered by our Talent Acquisition Partner, [email protected] Union information is available from Mats Lindblom, SACO, 073-350 04 19, Andreas Mårtensson, Unionen, 070-541 83 93, or Peter Markström, Ledarna, 0910-77 40 09. Application deadline: August 27, 2026. We conduct continuous selection in this recruitment and encourage you to submit your application as soon as possible. Therefore, do not wait until the final application date if the role feels right for you. As part of Boliden's qualitative recruitment work and systematic safety efforts, background checks may be included in the recruitment process. If you are a representative of a recruiting company, please refrain from contacting us regarding this advertisement. We appreciate your consideration.

Exploration Manager

Boliden is a high-tech metals company with its own mines and smelters that works long-term to guarantee society's access to base and precious metals. For a century, our work has been part of the value chains that have shaped modern society. At Boliden, we know that the metals we mine and make available will continue to play a crucial role in the future – what matters is how we produce them. Become a part of us and drive change for generations to come. Your opportunity Do you want to join us at Boliden and lead exploration strategy and discovery delivery across one of Europe's most prospective mining regions? We are looking for a Department Manager in Exploration to drive growth, prioritization, and value creation in the Central Fennoscandia region. The region is centred on the Skellefte District, one of Europe's premier volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) districts. It includes three operating mines, as well as several exploration ventures and projects. Who you will work with As Department Manager for Exploration in the Central Fennoscandia region, you are accountable for the full exploration value chain, from early-stage greenfield to near-mine initiatives across the Skellefte district. Together with your first line managers, you lead the prioritization of exploration projects, balance long-term discovery potential with short-term business needs and allocate resources to maximize value creation and organic growth across the whole region. What you will do The department's goal is to extend the life of mine for all operating units within the region, provide opportunities for growing and expanding the operations, and search for new discoveries to sustain the region. You will lead and develop the regional exploration portfolio, ensuring alignment with Boliden's overall growth strategy and long-term resource development pipeline. You will also take part in discussions regarding project prioritization and ongoing exploration activities outside of your immediate area of responsibility. The role includes: Strategic leadership - Contribute actively to overall exploration strategy, prioritization and investment decisions. Discovery alignment – Continuously assess and evaluate the growth potential of the region and align it with business goals and expectations. Resource & portfolio management - Own regional budgets, forecasts and portfolio performance, ensuring optimal allocation of capital across projects. Personnel – Lead three section managers with a total of around 30 employees. Safety, wellbeing & environmental performance – Ensure strong performance in safety, wellbeing and environmental responsibility across the department. Stakeholder & regulatory relations – Liaise with stakeholders and governmental authorities, while ensuring projects follow applicable laws and regulations for mining and exploration companies in each country. Contractor & consultant management – Negotiate with and manage cooperation with contractors and consultants. You report to the Exploration Director and participate in Boliden's Exploration Management Team, contributing to strategic decisions across the full exploration portfolio. The position is based at the Boliden Office or at one of Boliden Mines' locations. Frequent travel is required, as well as regular presence at the Boliden Office. What you bring You have a university degree in geosciences and substantial experience in mineral exploration or mining, including a proven track record in leadership roles. You also have experience managing exploration portfolios, leading multidisciplinary teams, and working in complex stakeholder environments. We place emphasis on your ability as a manager to motivate others and provide clear leadership in line with Boliden's leadership principles. You are committed to developing the team, the region, and the company. You are results-oriented, with a focus on discovery and on creating both short- and long-term value. We expect you to share our values of Care, Courage, and Responsibility. You need to be fluent in English. Swedish and/or Finnish language skills are considered a merit. A Category B driving licence is required. Why work with us At Boliden, we believe in promoting a workplace where care, courage, and responsibility are central to everything we do. We offer a workplace where we believe in collaboration and where what you contribute will have a direct impact on future generations. We are a company made up of responsible and creative people all working towards the same vision; to become the most sustainable and respected metal supplier in the world. You will have a direct impact on shaping the future resource base of Boliden and have a role in delivering sustainable growth for the company. Apply today to be part of something truly meaningful! At Boliden, diversity and inclusion are drivers of innovation. We know that different perspectives and experiences strengthen us and help us stay at the forefront of an important and exciting industry. Therefore, we encourage applications from people with diverse backgrounds and viewpoints. Together, we build a workplace where everyone can feel safe and inspired to reach their full potential. Want to know more about the position? Contact hiring manager Jon Keisu Lundh, +46 70 242 71 81, [email protected]. For questions about the application process, please contact Talent Acquisition Partner Terese Lindholm, [email protected]. For union information please contact Mats Lindblom, SACO, +46 73 350 04 19, Andreas Mårtensson, Unionen, +46 70 541 83 93 and Peter Markström, Ledarna, +46 910 77 40 09. Submit your application by: Sunday, 30 August 2026 We may select candidates for interviews on an ongoing basis, so don't hesitate, send in your application. We look forward to it! As part of Boliden's qualitative recruitment efforts and systematic safety work, assessments and background checks may be included in the recruitment process. If you are a representative of a recruiting company, please refrain from contacting us about this advertisement. We appreciate your consideration.

Mine Surveyor

Boliden is a high-technology metals company with its own mines and smelters working long-term to guarantee society's access to base and precious metals. For a century, our work has been part of the value chains that have shaped modern society. At Boliden, we know that the metals we extract and make available will play a crucial role in the future as well - what matters is how we produce them. Join us and drive change for coming generations. Your Role As a mine surveyor, you have a key role in creating the conditions for safe and efficient production. Your measurements become important decision support for the operation and a link between planning and underground production. The work combines practical tasks in the mine with analysis and follow-up above ground. One day you might be surveying rock caverns several hundred meters underground, and the next you could be processing data and updating mine maps. You are responsible for surveying rock caverns, establishing fixed points for production, and marking boreholes for exploration. You monitor volumes and ensure that the underlying data is accurate. The work also includes analyzing and quality-assuring measurement data and updating maps and models to provide reliable decision support. The role includes work at both Kankberg and Renströmsgruvan, which gives you variety between different mine environments. Your Team The assignment includes work at both Kankberg and Renströmsgruvan, with placement in Kankberg. You will be part of the mine planning sections at both Kankberg and Renström, where we work with mine surveying, geology, production planning, long-term planning, and diamond drilling. In your role, you will collaborate closely with colleagues in mine surveying, other parts of the sections, and production in both operations. Together, we create the conditions for safe and efficient mining, where your expertise is an important part of the whole. Your Responsibilities · Surveying of rock extraction · Setting out for production and preparation · Maintenance and updating of mine maps · Quality monitoring of mining operations · Conducting post-calculations and production follow-up Your Contribution For this role, we are looking for someone who thrives in a position where accuracy and personal responsibility are crucial. You have analytical skills and you don't settle for the first result but want to understand and ensure that it is correct. You take initiative and drive your work forward independently, while at the same time valuing collaboration with other functions. The role involves many contact points and you have the ability to create structure and clarity in collaboration between planning and production. For you, flexibility is self-evident and you see the variety in the work as a strength. Requirements: University or college degree in geodesy and surveying technology, or alternatively a secondary school diploma combined with relevant professional experience Experience with total stations, LiDAR scanning, and CAD programs Good knowledge of Swedish and English B-class driver's license Merits: Experience from underground operations Knowledge and experience with the CAD program Deswik Why Work With Us At Boliden, we believe in promoting a workplace where care, courage, and responsibility are central to everything we do. We offer a workplace where we believe in collaboration and where what you contribute will have a direct impact on coming generations. We are a company that consists of responsible and creative people who all work toward the same vision: to become the world's most sustainable and respected metals supplier. Apply today to become part of something truly meaningful! At Boliden, diversity and inclusion are drivers of innovation. We know that different perspectives and experiences strengthen us and help us stay at the forefront of an important and exciting industry. That's why we encourage applications from people with different backgrounds and views. Together, we build a workplace where everyone can feel safe and inspired to reach their full potential. Want to know more about the role? Contact recruiting manager Andreas Markström, [email protected], tel. 070-1773151. Questions about your application are answered by our Talent Acquisition Partner, Frida Norström, [email protected]. For union information, contact Mats Lindblom, SACO, 073-350 04 19, Andreas Mårtensson, Unionen, 070-541 83 93, or Peter Markström, Ledarna, 0910-77 40 09. Application Deadline: Monday, August 24. We look forward to receiving your application! As part of Boliden's qualitative recruitment work and systematic safety efforts, background checks may be included in the recruitment process. If you are a representative of a recruiting company, please refrain from contacting us regarding this notice. We appreciate your consideration.